UNIT 5 - History Disaster / Inderect speech

Unit 5 Inderect speech 

 Armero's tragedy

It was 35 years ago that the Armero tragedy occurred. On November 13, 1985 in Nevado del Ruiz a small eruption occurred in the department of Caldas, Colombia, melted 10% of the mountain ice cap which caused a series of floods and landslides near the municipality of Armero which had been 50 kilometers from the volcano was the most affected and according to data from this disaster, affected 23 thousand inhabitants that unfortunately 20 thousand of them were fatal victims.

Indirect speech

Structure for Reported Speech Imperatives

 Positive: reporting verb + noun/pronoun + to infinitive.

Negative: reporting verb + noun/pronoun + not + to infinitive.

To clarify the indirect speech/reported speech is usually used when you want to inform or tell what someone has said without the need to use the exact words uttered by that person hence the name "inderect speech" or "reported speech" that said; there are two types of reported speech one being direct and the other indirect.

Example for direct speech

When we want to report exactly what another person has said, we use the direct style. With this style what the person has said is placed in quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.

  Example: “I am happy to see you,” Mary said.

Example for indirect speech 

Indirect style, unlike direct style, does not use quotation marks and does not need to be word for word. In general, when indirect style is used, the verb tense changes. Below is an explanation of the changes in verb tenses.

Sometimes "that" is used in affirmative and negative sentences to introduce what the other person has said. On the other hand, "if" or "whether" can be used in interrogative sentences.

 Example: Mary said that she was happy to see me.

Grammar Practice